Most cataracts are  age-related,  affecting vision. A cataract is the opacification of an individual’s natural lens. This results in a number of symptoms, which include blurring of the vision, changes in refractive error, reduction in night vision and contrast sensitivity. Cataract eye surgery is the only recommended treatment method for patients diagnosed with cataracts.

Types of Cataracts:

  • Age-related cataracts: These are the most common type and develop as a natural part of aging.

  • Congenital cataracts: Present at birth or develop during childhood, often due to genetic factors or prenatal infections.

  • Secondary cataracts: Can develop as a result of other medical conditions (like diabetes), prolonged use of certain medications (such as corticosteroids), or eye injuries.

Symptoms:

  • Blurred, cloudy, or dim vision: This is often the most noticeable symptom.

  • Increased sensitivity to glare: Especially noticeable while driving at night or in bright sunlight.

  • Difficulty seeing at night: Due to decreased contrast sensitivity.

  • Colors appearing faded or yellowed: This is common with advanced cataracts.

Risk Factors:

  • Age: The risk of cataracts increases with age.

  • UV radiation: Prolonged exposure to sunlight.

  • Smoking: Increases the risk of cataracts.

  • Certain medical conditions: Such as diabetes.

  • Eye injury or inflammation: Can contribute to the development of cataracts.

Treatment:

  • Surgery: The most effective treatment for cataracts is surgical removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). This procedure is known as cataract surgery and is typically performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis.

  • Glasses or contact lenses: In some cases, especially before cataracts significantly impair vision, prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses may help improve visual clarity.

Prevention: While cataracts cannot always be prevented, you can reduce your risk by:

  • Wearing sunglasses that block UV rays.

  • Quitting smoking.

  • Managing underlying health conditions like diabetes.

  • Eating a diet rich in antioxidants and nutrients.