Corneal diseases encompass a range of conditions that affect the cornea, which is the transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the front of the eye. The cornea plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina, facilitating clear vision. Here’s an overview of common corneal diseases:

Keratitis: This is inflammation of the cornea, often caused by infection (bacterial, viral, fungal) or injury. Symptoms include eye pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and excessive tearing. Treatment may involve antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal medications, or corticosteroids depending on the cause.

Corneal Dystrophies: These are genetic disorders where abnormal material accumulates in the cornea, affecting its clarity. Examples include Fuchs' dystrophy, where fluid buildup causes swelling, and lattice dystrophy, characterized by protein deposits that can impair vision over time.

Corneal Abrasion: A scratch or injury to the cornea, often from foreign objects or improper contact lens use, causing pain, redness, tearing, and sensitivity to light. Treatment includes keeping the eye clean, using antibiotic ointment to prevent infection, and possibly wearing an eye patch for comfort.

Corneal Ulcers: Open sores on the cornea, typically caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or severe dry eye. Symptoms include severe pain, redness, discharge, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Prompt treatment with antibiotics or antiviral medications is essential to prevent permanent vision loss.

Corneal Ectasia: Conditions like keratoconus, where the cornea becomes progressively thinner and more cone-shaped, leading to distorted vision. Treatment may include rigid gas permeable contact lenses to improve vision or surgical procedures like corneal cross-linking to strengthen the cornea.

Corneal Opacity: Cloudiness or scarring of the cornea, often due to injury, infection, or certain medical conditions. It can impair vision depending on the location and severity. Treatment options range from medications and therapies to corneal transplantation in severe cases.

Corneal Transplantation: In cases of severe corneal damage or disease that cannot be managed with other treatments, a corneal transplant (keratoplasty) may be necessary. This involves replacing part or all of the damaged cornea with healthy donor tissue.

Management of corneal diseases typically involves a combination of medical treatments, corrective lenses, and sometimes surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preserving vision and preventing complications. If you suspect you have a corneal disease or are experiencing symptoms, it’s important to seek prompt evaluation and care from an eye care professional.