Pterygium, pronounced "teh-RIG-ee-um," is a common eye condition characterized by a growth of pink, fleshy tissue on the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye) that extends onto the cornea (the clear front surface of the eye). Here’s a detailed description of pterygium:
Cause: Pterygium is believed to be caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly from sunlight, and chronic irritation from dust, wind, or dryness. Long-term exposure to these environmental factors can lead to changes in the conjunctiva, causing it to thicken and grow over the cornea.
Symptoms:
Redness and inflammation of the affected eye.
Itching or burning sensation.
Blurred vision, especially if the growth extends over the cornea and interferes with vision.
Sensation of having a foreign body in the eye.
Appearance: Pterygium typically appears as a raised, triangular or wedge-shaped growth on the nasal (inner) side of the eye, but it can also occur on the temporal (outer) side. It may start small and slowly grow over time.
Risk Factors:
UV Exposure: Spending long hours in sunlight, especially without eye protection (sunglasses or hats with brims).
Environmental Factors: Working or living in dry, dusty, or windy environments.
Geographic Location: Pterygium is more common in tropical and subtropical regions with high UV exposure.
Complications:
If the pterygium grows large enough to cover the cornea, it can cause astigmatism or distort the shape of the cornea, leading to blurry vision.
Severe cases may affect the tear film and lead to dry eye syndrome.
Treatment:
Mild cases may not require treatment beyond regular monitoring and the use of lubricating eye drops to relieve symptoms.
If the pterygium causes significant discomfort, visual disturbances, or continues to grow, treatment options may include:
Steroid Eye Drops: To reduce inflammation and swelling.
Surgical Removal: Known as pterygium excision, this procedure involves removing the growth and possibly placing a tissue graft to reduce the risk of recurrence. Surgery is typically recommended if the pterygium is large, causing vision problems, or not responding to other treatments.
Prevention:
UV Protection: Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays and a wide-brimmed hat when outdoors.
Eye Hygiene: Maintain good eye hygiene and use artificial tears or lubricating eye drops if you experience dryness or irritation.
Pterygium is generally benign but can cause discomfort and affect vision in some cases. Early diagnosis and appropriate management by an eye care professional are essential to prevent complications and preserve eye health. If you notice any unusual growth or symptoms in your eyes, it's important to seek medical attention promptly.